What is peat moss?
Peat as a Natural Resource
Peat as a Natural Resource
Peat is an organic material that has become essential for horticulture due to its unique ability to retain water, support root growth, and enrich soil. Its role extends beyond gardening, serving as a critical component in preserving ecosystems worldwide.
Thousands of Years in the Making
Thousands of Years in the Making
Peat forms slowly over thousands of years from decomposed plants—like sphagnum mosses, sedges, and shrubs—in environments that are waterlogged and low in oxygen. This slow, natural process creates a nutrient-rich material that’s unlike any other soil amendment.
Many Benefits for Your Garden
Many Benefits for Your Garden
Peat moss offers exceptional water retention, holding up to 25 times its weight in moisture, while providing a slightly acidic pH (3.5–6) that’s ideal for acid-loving plants. Its springy texture resists compaction, promotes aeration, and offers solid drainage, making it a clean, lightweight, and nutrient-efficient medium for your garden.
Types of Peat
High Bog Peat
High bog peat comes from nutrient-poor environments dominated by sphagnum moss, which grows primarily through precipitation rather than mineral-rich soils.
This peat is naturally acidic with a pH of 2.6-3.2, making it ideal for acid-loving plants. It’s mostly found as white peat, known for its light, fibrous texture, and excellent water retention – perfect for seed-starting mixes.
Low Bog Peat
Low bog peat, formed in mineral-rich areas with groundwater and runoff, benefits from a diverse mix of vegetation like grasses and small trees.
With a higher pH range of 4.5-6.5, it’s a balanced choice for many plants, from garden veggies to ornamental shrubs.
Available as brown or black peat, it offers structure and nutrition – brown peat for water retention and aeration and black peat as a dense, nutrient-rich soil conditioner.
Transitional Peat
Blending characteristics of both high and low bog peat, transitional peat decomposes from a mix of trees, shrubs, sedges, and moss.
With moderate mineral content and a pH of 3.4-4.2, this peat works well for plants needing slightly acidic conditions, providing a middle-ground option for diverse horticultural needs.
What is Peat Moss Used For?
When it comes to how to use peat moss, it’s all about understanding its components—texture, nutrient content, and moisture retention.
Seed Starting
Fine-grained, white peat substrates are well-suited for seed germination. They provide a smooth, even texture that retains moisture consistently – just what young seedlings need to thrive. This finer structure supports uniform rooting, giving seeds a stable, nutrient-friendly foundation for strong early growth.
Containers and Potting Mixes
Medium-grained, brown peat substrates are perfect for container plants, balancing airflow and moisture to tackle drainage limits and root space constraints. They prevent root rot while promoting strong root growth, keeping potted plants healthy and resilient.
Soil Amendment and Fruiting Plants
Coarse substrates with black peat are ideal for garden beds, landscaping, and large containers. The larger fraction size improves drainage and root aeration, while nutrient-rich black peat boosts soil health, adding density and long-lasting nutrients. It’s the best choice for amending soil and supporting deep-rooted, mature plants outdoors.
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